Redis源碼學習-AOF

struct redisServer{
	...
 /* AOF persistence */
 int aof_state; /* REDIS_AOF_(ON|OFF|WAIT_REWRITE) */
 int aof_fsync; /* Kind of fsync() policy （每個操作|每秒|緩沖區滿）*/
 char *aof_filename; /* Name of the AOF file */
 int aof_no_fsync_on_rewrite; /* Don't fsync if a rewrite is in prog. */
 int aof_rewrite_perc; /* Rewrite AOF if % growth is > M and... */
 off_t aof_rewrite_min_size; /* the AOF file is at least N bytes. */
 off_t aof_rewrite_base_size; /* AOF size on latest startup or rewrite. */
 off_t aof_current_size; /* AOF current size. */
 int aof_rewrite_scheduled; /* Rewrite once BGSAVE terminates. 是否需要開啟后臺aof子進程*/
 pid_t aof_child_pid; /* PID if rewriting process */
 list *aof_rewrite_buf_blocks; /* Hold changes during an AOF rewrite. 在aof bgsave期間redis執行的命令將存儲到aof_rewrite_buf_blocks，當然aof_buf還是要照常使用的，二者不沖突*/
 sds aof_buf; /* AOF buffer, written before entering the event loop */
 int aof_fd; /* File descriptor of currently selected AOF file */
 int aof_selected_db; /* Currently selected DB in AOF */
 time_t aof_flush_postponed_start; /* UNIX time of postponed AOF flush */
 time_t aof_last_fsync; /* UNIX time of last fsync() */
 time_t aof_rewrite_time_last; /* Time used by last AOF rewrite run. */
 time_t aof_rewrite_time_start; /* Current AOF rewrite start time. */
 int aof_lastbgrewrite_status; /* REDIS_OK or REDIS_ERR */
 unsigned long aof_delayed_fsync; /* delayed AOF fsync() counter */
 int aof_rewrite_incremental_fsync;/* fsync incrementally while rewriting? */
	...
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/* Call() is the core of Redis execution of a command */
void call(redisClient *c, int flags) {
 long long dirty, start = ustime(), duration;
 int client_old_flags = c->flags;
	
	...
	
	 /* 執行用戶命令 */
 c->flags &= ~(REDIS_FORCE_AOF|REDIS_FORCE_REPL);
 redisOpArrayInit(&server.also_propagate);
 dirty = server.dirty;
 c->cmd->proc(c);
 dirty = server.dirty-dirty;
 duration = ustime()-start;
	
	...
	
	/* 將用戶命令進行AOF備份 */
 if (flags & REDIS_CALL_PROPAGATE) {
 int flags = REDIS_PROPAGATE_NONE;

 if (c->flags & REDIS_FORCE_REPL) flags |= REDIS_PROPAGATE_REPL;
 if (c->flags & REDIS_FORCE_AOF) flags |= REDIS_PROPAGATE_AOF;
 if (dirty)
 flags |= (REDIS_PROPAGATE_REPL | REDIS_PROPAGATE_AOF);
 if (flags != REDIS_PROPAGATE_NONE)
 propagate(c->cmd,c->db->id,c->argv,c->argc,flags);
 }
}

void propagate(struct redisCommand *cmd, int dbid, robj **argv, int argc,
 int flags)
{
 if (server.aof_state != REDIS_AOF_OFF && flags & REDIS_PROPAGATE_AOF)
 feedAppendOnlyFile(cmd,dbid,argv,argc);
 if (flags & REDIS_PROPAGATE_REPL)
 replicationFeedSlaves(server.slaves,dbid,argv,argc);
}

void feedAppendOnlyFile(struct redisCommand *cmd, int dictid, robj **argv, int argc) {
 sds buf = sdsempty();
 robj *tmpargv[3];

 /* 如果當前操作的dict和前一次操作的dict不同，
	那么redis要在aof中添加一條：select命令，選擇當前dict */
 if (dictid != server.aof_selected_db) {
 char seldb[64];

 snprintf(seldb,sizeof(seldb),"%d",dictid);
 buf = sdscatprintf(buf,"*2\r\n$6\r\nSELECT\r\n$%lu\r\n%s\r\n",
 (unsigned long)strlen(seldb),seldb);
 server.aof_selected_db = dictid;
 }
	//依據不同的命令，進行字符畫處理，并將結果寫入臨時的buff中
 if (cmd->proc == expireCommand || cmd->proc == pexpireCommand ||
 cmd->proc == expireatCommand) {
 /* Translate EXPIRE/PEXPIRE/EXPIREAT into PEXPIREAT */
 buf = catAppendOnlyExpireAtCommand(buf,cmd,argv[1],argv[2]);
 } else if (cmd->proc == setexCommand || cmd->proc == psetexCommand) {
 /* Translate SETEX/PSETEX to SET and PEXPIREAT */
 tmpargv[0] = createStringObject("SET",3);
 tmpargv[1] = argv[1];
 tmpargv[2] = argv[3];
 buf = catAppendOnlyGenericCommand(buf,3,tmpargv);
 decrRefCount(tmpargv[0]);
 buf = catAppendOnlyExpireAtCommand(buf,cmd,argv[1],argv[2]);
 } else {
 /* All the other commands don't need translation or need the
 * same translation already operated in the command vector
 * for the replication itself. */
 buf = catAppendOnlyGenericCommand(buf,argc,argv);
 }

 /* Append to the AOF buffer. This will be flushed on disk just before
 * of re-entering the event loop, so before the client will get a
 * positive reply about the operation performed. */
	//如果用戶開啟的AOF，那么將當前命令的buff Append到server.aof_buf緩沖的尾部
 if (server.aof_state == REDIS_AOF_ON)
 server.aof_buf = sdscatlen(server.aof_buf,buf,sdslen(buf));

 /* If a background append only file rewriting is in progress we want to
 * accumulate the differences between the child DB and the current one
 * in a buffer, so that when the child process will do its work we
 * can append the differences to the new append only file. */
	 //如果當前有子進程正在進行AOF日志的重構（即掃描redis數據庫，依據數據構建日志）
	 //那么將當前命令的buff添加到server.aof_rewrite_buf_blocks內存中（該部分內存
	 //專門記錄在重構AOF期間redis處理的操作）
 if (server.aof_child_pid != -1)
 aofRewriteBufferAppend((unsigned char*)buf,sdslen(buf));

 sdsfree(buf);
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

int serverCron(struct aeEventLoop *eventLoop, long long id, void *clientData) {
 int j;
 REDIS_NOTUSED(eventLoop);
 REDIS_NOTUSED(id);
 REDIS_NOTUSED(clientData);

 /* Software watchdog: deliver the SIGALRM that will reach the signal
 * handler if we don't return here fast enough. */
 if (server.watchdog_period) watchdogScheduleSignal(server.watchdog_period);

 /* We take a cached value of the unix time in the global state because
 * with virtual memory and aging there is to store the current time
 * in objects at every object access, and accuracy is not needed.
 * To access a global var is faster than calling time(NULL) */
	 //緩存系統時間...
 server.unixtime = time(NULL);
 server.mstime = mstime();

 ...

 /* Start a scheduled AOF rewrite if this was requested by the user while
 * a BGSAVE was in progress. */
	 //開啟AOF日志重建的子進程（簡化日志）
	 //后臺AOF子進程通過掃描redis.db[16]數據，生成可重建當前數據庫的命令，
	 //并寫入臨時文件tmpfile
 if (server.rdb_child_pid == -1 && server.aof_child_pid == -1 &&
 server.aof_rewrite_scheduled)
 {
 	//AOF
 rewriteAppendOnlyFileBackground();
 }

 /* Check if a background saving or AOF rewrite in progress terminated. */
	//后臺AOF進程結束：將在后臺AOF子進程構建AOF日志期間redis執行的新命令
	//（記錄于server.aof_rewrite_buf_blocks）append 到后臺子進程構建的tmpfile中
	//最后將tmpfile重名為server.aof_filename 替換原有AOF
 if (server.rdb_child_pid != -1 || server.aof_child_pid != -1) {
 int statloc;
 pid_t pid;

 if ((pid = wait3(&statloc,WNOHANG,NULL)) != 0) {
 int exitcode = WEXITSTATUS(statloc);
 int bysignal = 0;
 
 if (WIFSIGNALED(statloc)) bysignal = WTERMSIG(statloc);

 if (pid == server.rdb_child_pid) {
 backgroundSaveDoneHandler(exitcode,bysignal);
 } else if (pid == server.aof_child_pid) {
 backgroundRewriteDoneHandler(exitcode,bysignal);
 } else {
 redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,
 "Warning, detected child with unmatched pid: %ld",
 (long)pid);
 }
 updateDictResizePolicy();
 }
 } else {
 /* If there is not a background saving/rewrite in progress check if
 * we have to save/rewrite now */
 //沒有后臺子進程在跑，那么檢查是否要開啟一個AOF或者RDB的子進程。。
	 ...
 }

 /* If we postponed an AOF buffer flush, let's try to do it every time the
 * cron function is called. */
	 //將server.aof_buf（緩存redis最近執行過的命名）flush到磁盤AOF文件中
	 //flush的策略有如下：
	 //每個操作，調用fync將命令持久化
	 //間隔1秒，調用fync將aof_buf持久化
	 //從不調用fync，由系統自行安排時機
 if (server.aof_flush_postponed_start) flushAppendOnlyFile(0);

 ...

 server.cronloops++;
 return 1000/server.hz;
}

/* This is how rewriting of the append only file in background works:
 *
 * 1) The user calls BGREWRITEAOF
 * 2) Redis calls this function, that forks():
 * 2a) the child rewrite the append only file in a temp file.
 * 2b) the parent accumulates differences in server.aof_rewrite_buf.
 * 3) When the child finished '2a' exists.
 * 4) The parent will trap the exit code, if it's OK, will append the
 * data accumulated into server.aof_rewrite_buf into the temp file, and
 * finally will rename(2) the temp file in the actual file name.
 * The the new file is reopened as the new append only file. Profit!
 */
int rewriteAppendOnlyFileBackground(void) {
 pid_t childpid;
 long long start;

 if (server.aof_child_pid != -1) return REDIS_ERR;
 start = ustime();
 if ((childpid = fork()) == 0) {
 char tmpfile[256];

 /* Child */
 closeListeningSockets(0);
 redisSetProcTitle("redis-aof-rewrite");
 snprintf(tmpfile,256,"temp-rewriteaof-bg-%d.aof", (int) getpid());
 if (rewriteAppendOnlyFile(tmpfile) == REDIS_OK) {
 size_t private_dirty = zmalloc_get_private_dirty();

 if (private_dirty) {
 redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,
 "AOF rewrite: %zu MB of memory used by copy-on-write",
 private_dirty/(1024*1024));
 }
 exitFromChild(0);
 } else {
 exitFromChild(1);
 }
 } else {
 /* Parent */
 server.stat_fork_time = ustime()-start;
 if (childpid == -1) {
 redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,
 "Can't rewrite append only file in background: fork: %s",
 strerror(errno));
 return REDIS_ERR;
 }
 redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,
 "Background append only file rewriting started by pid %d",childpid);
 server.aof_rewrite_scheduled = 0;
 server.aof_rewrite_time_start = time(NULL);
 server.aof_child_pid = childpid;
 updateDictResizePolicy();
 /* We set appendseldb to -1 in order to force the next call to the
 * feedAppendOnlyFile() to issue a SELECT command, so the differences
 * accumulated by the parent into server.aof_rewrite_buf will start
 * with a SELECT statement and it will be safe to merge. */
 server.aof_selected_db = -1;
 replicationScriptCacheFlush();
 return REDIS_OK;
 }
 return REDIS_OK; /* unreached */
}

/* Write a sequence of commands able to fully rebuild the dataset into
 * "filename". Used both by REWRITEAOF and BGREWRITEAOF.
 *
 * In order to minimize the number of commands needed in the rewritten
 * log Redis uses variadic commands when possible, such as RPUSH, SADD
 * and ZADD. However at max REDIS_AOF_REWRITE_ITEMS_PER_CMD items per time
 * are inserted using a single command. */
int rewriteAppendOnlyFile(char *filename) {
 dictIterator *di = NULL;
 dictEntry *de;
 rio aof;
 FILE *fp;
 char tmpfile[256];
 int j;
 long long now = mstime();

 /* Note that we have to use a different temp name here compared to the
 * one used by rewriteAppendOnlyFileBackground() function. */
 snprintf(tmpfile,256,"temp-rewriteaof-%d.aof", (int) getpid());
 fp = fopen(tmpfile,"w");
 if (!fp) {
 redisLog(REDIS_WARNING, "Opening the temp file for AOF rewrite in rewriteAppendOnlyFile(): %s", strerror(errno));
 return REDIS_ERR;
 }

 rioInitWithFile(&aof,fp);
 if (server.aof_rewrite_incremental_fsync)
 rioSetAutoSync(&aof,REDIS_AOF_AUTOSYNC_BYTES);
 for (j = 0; j < server.dbnum; j++) {
	//添加一條定位dict的命令
 char selectcmd[] = "*2\r\n$6\r\nSELECT\r\n";
 redisDb *db = server.db+j;
 dict *d = db->dict;
 if (dictSize(d) == 0) continue;
 di = dictGetSafeIterator(d);
 if (!di) {
 fclose(fp);
 return REDIS_ERR;
 }

 /* SELECT the new DB */
 if (rioWrite(&aof,selectcmd,sizeof(selectcmd)-1) == 0) goto werr;
 if (rioWriteBulkLongLong(&aof,j) == 0) goto werr;

 /* Iterate this DB writing every entry */
 while((de = dictNext(di)) != NULL) {
 sds keystr;
 robj key, *o;
 long long expiretime;

 keystr = dictGetKey(de);
 o = dictGetVal(de);
 initStaticStringObject(key,keystr);

 expiretime = getExpire(db,&key);

 /* If this key is already expired skip it */
 if (expiretime != -1 && expiretime < now) continue;

 /* Save the key and associated value */
 if (o->type == REDIS_STRING) {
 /* Emit a SET command */
 char cmd[]="*3\r\n$3\r\nSET\r\n";
 if (rioWrite(&aof,cmd,sizeof(cmd)-1) == 0) goto werr;
 /* Key and value */
 if (rioWriteBulkObject(&aof,&key) == 0) goto werr;
 if (rioWriteBulkObject(&aof,o) == 0) goto werr;
 } else if (o->type == REDIS_LIST) {
 if (rewriteListObject(&aof,&key,o) == 0) goto werr;
 } else if (o->type == REDIS_SET) {
 if (rewriteSetObject(&aof,&key,o) == 0) goto werr;
 } else if (o->type == REDIS_ZSET) {
 if (rewriteSortedSetObject(&aof,&key,o) == 0) goto werr;
 } else if (o->type == REDIS_HASH) {
 if (rewriteHashObject(&aof,&key,o) == 0) goto werr;
 } else {
 redisPanic("Unknown object type");
 }
 /* Save the expire time */
 if (expiretime != -1) {
 char cmd[]="*3\r\n$9\r\nPEXPIREAT\r\n";
 if (rioWrite(&aof,cmd,sizeof(cmd)-1) == 0) goto werr;
 if (rioWriteBulkObject(&aof,&key) == 0) goto werr;
 if (rioWriteBulkLongLong(&aof,expiretime) == 0) goto werr;
 }
 }
 dictReleaseIterator(di);
 }

 /* Make sure data will not remain on the OS's output buffers */
 fflush(fp);
 aof_fsync(fileno(fp));
 fclose(fp);

 /* Use RENAME to make sure the DB file is changed atomically only
 * if the generate DB file is ok. */
 if (rename(tmpfile,filename) == -1) {
 redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Error moving temp append only file on the final destination: %s", strerror(errno));
 unlink(tmpfile);
 return REDIS_ERR;
 }
 redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"SYNC append only file rewrite performed");
 return REDIS_OK;

werr:
 fclose(fp);
 unlink(tmpfile);
 redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Write error writing append only file on disk: %s", strerror(errno));
 if (di) dictReleaseIterator(di);
 return REDIS_ERR;
}

/* Write the append only file buffer on disk.
 *
 * Since we are required to write the AOF before replying to the client,
 * and the only way the client socket can get a write is entering when the
 * the event loop, we accumulate all the AOF writes in a memory
 * buffer and write it on disk using this function just before entering
 * the event loop again.
 *
 * About the 'force' argument:
 *
 * When the fsync policy is set to 'everysec' we may delay the flush if there
 * is still an fsync() going on in the background thread, since for instance
 * on Linux write(2) will be blocked by the background fsync anyway.
 * When this happens we remember that there is some aof buffer to be
 * flushed ASAP, and will try to do that in the serverCron() function.
 *
 * However if force is set to 1 we'll write regardless of the background
 * fsync. */
void flushAppendOnlyFile(int force) {
 ssize_t nwritten;
 int sync_in_progress = 0;

 if (sdslen(server.aof_buf) == 0) return;

 if (server.aof_fsync == AOF_FSYNC_EVERYSEC)
 sync_in_progress = bioPendingJobsOfType(REDIS_BIO_AOF_FSYNC) != 0;

	//判定是否該開始將server.aof_buff中緩存的命令flush到server.aof_fd文件的寫緩沖中
 if (server.aof_fsync == AOF_FSYNC_EVERYSEC && !force) {
 /* With this append fsync policy we do background fsyncing.
 * If the fsync is still in progress we can try to delay
 * the write for a couple of seconds. */
 if (sync_in_progress) {
 if (server.aof_flush_postponed_start == 0) {
 /* No previous write postponinig, remember that we are
 * postponing the flush and return. */
 server.aof_flush_postponed_start = server.unixtime;
 return;
 } else if (server.unixtime - server.aof_flush_postponed_start < 2) {
 /* We were already waiting for fsync to finish, but for less
 * than two seconds this is still ok. Postpone again. */
 return;
 }
 /* Otherwise fall trough, and go write since we can't wait
 * over two seconds. */
 server.aof_delayed_fsync++;
 redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Asynchronous AOF fsync is taking too long (disk is busy?). Writing the AOF buffer without waiting for fsync to complete, this may slow down Redis.");
 }
 }
 /* If you are following this code path, then we are going to write so
 * set reset the postponed flush sentinel to zero. */
 server.aof_flush_postponed_start = 0;	

 /* We want to perform a single write. This should be guaranteed atomic
 * at least if the filesystem we are writing is a real physical one.
 * While this will save us against the server being killed I don't think
 * there is much to do about the whole server stopping for power problems
 * or alike */
	 //將redis最近執行的一些命令（存于server.aof_buf）寫入文件（server.aof_fd）
	 //注意，寫入文件并不能保證馬上寫入磁盤，因為這是帶緩沖的寫。關于何時將
	 //文件寫緩沖中的命令fync到磁盤，這就要看用戶的設置：（見下文）
 nwritten = write(server.aof_fd,server.aof_buf,sdslen(server.aof_buf));
 if (nwritten != (signed)sdslen(server.aof_buf)) {
 /* Ooops, we are in troubles. The best thing to do for now is
 * aborting instead of giving the illusion that everything is
 * working as expected. */
 ...
 exit(1);
 }
 server.aof_current_size += nwritten;	

 /* Re-use AOF buffer when it is small enough. The maximum comes from the
 * arena size of 4k minus some overhead (but is otherwise arbitrary). */
 if ((sdslen(server.aof_buf)+sdsavail(server.aof_buf)) < 4000) {
 sdsclear(server.aof_buf);
 } else {
 sdsfree(server.aof_buf);
 server.aof_buf = sdsempty();
 }

	 //aof_no_fsync_on_rewrite ： 該標志位表示當有aof或rdb子進程時，不進行fsync操作
 if (server.aof_no_fsync_on_rewrite &&
 (server.aof_child_pid != -1 || server.rdb_child_pid != -1))
 return;

	//fsync...
	//每個操作，調用fync將命令持久化 [1]
	//間隔1秒，調用fync將aof_buf持久化 [2]
	//從不調用fync，由系統自行安排時機（fd的寫緩沖區滿了）[3]
	
	//【1】
	//每個操作都需要將文件緩沖區的寫 buff sync到磁盤。從而保證每個redis操作在
	//被redis執行后，都能馬上持久化，安全性很高，就是磁盤寫的系統開銷有點大大
 if (server.aof_fsync == AOF_FSYNC_ALWAYS) {
 /* aof_fsync is defined as fdatasync() for Linux in order to avoid
 * flushing metadata. */
 aof_fsync(server.aof_fd); /* Let's try to get this data on the disk */
 server.aof_last_fsync = server.unixtime;
 } 
	//【2】
	//每隔1s將文件緩沖區的寫緩沖區sync到磁盤
	else if ((server.aof_fsync == AOF_FSYNC_EVERYSEC &&
 server.unixtime > server.aof_last_fsync)) {
 if (!sync_in_progress) aof_background_fsync(server.aof_fd);
 server.aof_last_fsync = server.unixtime;
 }
	
	//【3】
	//else fd的寫緩沖滿后會由系統安排執行（聽天由命）
}