循序漸進PostgreSQL:實現(xiàn)PostgreSQL自啟動

循序漸進PostgreSQL:實現(xiàn)PostgreSQL自啟動 在手動安裝（針對源碼編譯PG或者是解壓縮版安裝PG的情形）情況下，PG并不是在開機的情況下自動啟動，在關(guān)機的情況下自動停止，作為DBA人員來說，顯然這樣的情形是無法接受的。 www.2cto.com 1. windows下的服務(wù)自啟

循序漸進PostgreSQL:實現(xiàn)PostgreSQL自啟動

在手動安裝（針對源碼編譯PG或者是解壓縮版安裝PG的情形）情況下，PG并不是在開機的情況下自動啟動，在關(guān)機的情況下自動停止，作為DBA人員來說，顯然這樣的情形是無法接受的。

www.2cto.com

1. windows下的服務(wù)自啟動

在Windows下， 可以使用pg_ctl命令生成PostgreSQL服務(wù)，并讓它自啟動。實際上，安裝版本也是這么做的。 我們不妨看看pg_ctl命令的詳細幫助先：

D:\pg921>pg_ctl --help

pg_ctl is a utility to initialize, start, stop, or control a PostgreSQL server.

Usage:

pg_ctl init[db] [-D DATADIR] [-s] [-o "OPTIONS"]

pg_ctl start [-w] [-t SECS] [-D DATADIR] [-s] [-l FILENAME] [-o "OPTIONS"]

pg_ctl stop [-W] [-t SECS] [-D DATADIR] [-s] [-m SHUTDOWN-MODE]

pg_ctl restart [-w] [-t SECS] [-D DATADIR] [-s] [-m SHUTDOWN-MODE]

[-o "OPTIONS"]

pg_ctl reload [-D DATADIR] [-s]

pg_ctl status [-D DATADIR]

pg_ctl promote [-D DATADIR] [-s]

pg_ctl kill SIGNALNAME PID

pg_ctl register [-N SERVICENAME] [-U USERNAME] [-P PASSWORD] [-D DATADIR]

[-S START-TYPE] [-w] [-t SECS] [-o "OPTIONS"]

pg_ctl unregister [-N SERVICENAME]

Common options:

-D, --pgdata=DATADIR location of the database storage area

-s, --silent only print errors, no informational messages

-t, --timeout=SECS seconds to wait when using -w option

-V, --version output version information, then exit

-w wait until operation completes

-W do not wait until operation completes

-?, --help show this help, then exit

(The default is to wait for shutdown, but not for start or restart.)

If the -D option is omitted, the environment variable PGDATA is used.

Options for start or restart:

-c, --core-files not applicable on this platform

-l, --log=FILENAME write (or append) server log to FILENAME

-o OPTIONS command line options to pass to postgres

(PostgreSQL server executable) or initdb

-p PATH-TO-POSTGRES normally not necessary

Options for stop or restart:

-m, --mode=MODE MODE can be "smart", "fast", or "immediate"

Shutdown modes are:

smart quit after all clients have disconnected

fast quit directly, with proper shutdown

immediate quit without complete shutdown; will lead to recovery on restart

Allowed signal names for kill:

ABRT HUP INT QUIT TERM USR1 USR2

Options for register and unregister:

-N SERVICENAME service name with which to register PostgreSQL server

-P PASSWORD password of account to register PostgreSQL server

-U USERNAME user name of account to register PostgreSQL server

-S START-TYPE service start type to register PostgreSQL server

Start types are:

auto start service automatically during system startup (default)

demand start service on demand

Report bugs to .

從上邊可以看出，pg_ctl register用于生成服務(wù)，而pg_ctl unregister -N <服務(wù)名>用于刪除一個服務(wù)。

如：

D:\pg921>pg_ctl register -N pg921 -D d:\pg921\data -S auto -w -t 10 -l d:/pg921/log/pg921.log -o "-p 5433"

此命令，即是要生成一個服務(wù)：pg921, 啟動方式： -S auto, 自啟動，如果想生成手動啟動，就用-S demand來指定。

-t 10，意指等待10秒鐘, 實際上可以設(shè)定的長一些(在生產(chǎn)環(huán)境中).

-l d:/pg921/log/pg921.log，　指定生成的日志文件的位置。

-o "-p 5433", 將服務(wù)端口號改為5433。

驗證一下上述命令生成的效果：

D:\pg921>net start pg921

The pg921 service is starting.

The pg921 service was started successfully.

D:\pg921>psql -p 5433 iihero

psql (9.2.1)

Type "help" for help.

iihero=# \q

2. Linux下的服務(wù)自啟動

在Linux下，我們需要寫一個自啟動的腳本，至少支持兩個命令選項： start 和 stop，并將這個腳本建立適當?shù)逆溄印Ｎ覀兙鸵訳buntu10為例，

先看看系統(tǒng)有沒有chkconfig命令工具： www.2cto.com

xionghe@seanlinux2:~$ chkconfig

程序“chkconfig”尚未安裝。 您可以使用以下命令安裝：

sudo apt-get install chkconfig

xionghe@seanlinux2:~$ sudo apt-get install chkconfig

腳本內(nèi)容如下： 放入目錄/etc/init.d目錄下邊

#! /bin/sh

# Installation prefix

prefix=/home/xionghe/pgsql

# Data directory

PGDATA="/home/xionghe/pgsql/data"

# Who to run the postmaster as, usually "postgres". (NOT "root")

PGUSER=xionghe

# Where to keep a log file

PGLOG="$PGDATA/serverlog"

# It's often a good idea to protect the postmaster from being killed by the

# OOM killer (which will tend to preferentially kill the postmaster because

# of the way it accounts for shared memory). Setting the OOM_ADJ value to

# -17 will disable OOM kill altogether. If you enable this, you probably want

# to compile PostgreSQL with "-DLINUX_OOM_ADJ=0", so that individual backends

# can still be killed by the OOM killer.

#OOM_ADJ=-17

## STOP EDITING HERE

# The path that is to be used for the script

PATH=/home/xionghe/pgsql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

# What to use to start up the postmaster. (If you want the script to wait

# until the server has started, you could use "pg_ctl start -w" here.

# But without -w, pg_ctl adds no value.)

DAEMON="$prefix/bin/postmaster"

# What to use to shut down the postmaster

PGCTL="$prefix/bin/pg_ctl"

set -e

# Only start if we can find the postmaster.

test -x $DAEMON ||

{

echo "$DAEMON not found"

if [ "$1" = "stop" ]

then exit 0

else exit 5

fi

}

# Parse command line parameters.

case $1 in

start)

echo -n "Starting PostgreSQL: "

test x"$OOM_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_adj

su - $PGUSER -c "$DAEMON -D '$PGDATA' &" >>$PGLOG 2>&1

echo "ok"

;;

stop)

echo -n "Stopping PostgreSQL: "

su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL stop -D '$PGDATA' -s -m fast"

echo "ok"

;;

restart)

echo -n "Restarting PostgreSQL: "

su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL stop -D '$PGDATA' -s -m fast -w"

test x"$OOM_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_adj

su - $PGUSER -c "$DAEMON -D '$PGDATA' &" >>$PGLOG 2>&1

echo "ok"

;;

reload)

echo -n "Reload PostgreSQL: "

su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL reload -D '$PGDATA' -s"

echo "ok"

;;

status)

su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL status -D '$PGDATA'"

;;

*)

# Print help

echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|status}" 1>&2

exit 1

;;

esac

exit 0

建立相應(yīng)鏈接：

root@seanlinux2:/etc# ln -s /etc/init.d/postgresql /etc/rc0.d/K02postgresql

root@seanlinux2:/etc# ln -s /etc/init.d/postgresql /etc/rc1.d/K02postgresql

root@seanlinux2:/etc# ln -s /etc/init.d/postgresql /etc/rc2.d/K02postgresql

root@seanlinux2:/etc# ln -s /etc/init.d/postgresql /etc/rc3.d/K98postgresql

root@seanlinux2:/etc# ln -s /etc/init.d/postgresql /etc/rc4.d/K98postgresql

root@seanlinux2:/etc# ln -s /etc/init.d/postgresql /etc/rc5.d/K98postgresql

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